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                晋城冰箱价格联盟

                被你嫌弃的它,却为科学打开了“一扇门”

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                楼主

                现在国际上最具有影响力的微生物组研究项目有:Human Microbiome Project (HMP),Metagenomics of Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT),Earth Microbiome Project (EMP)

                ??

                随着HMP,MetaHIT,EMP的开展,科学家们积累了越来越多微生物组学的研究经验,也使得更多科研工作者投入到该领域的研究▆中。在人体中,肠道微生物结构最为复杂,是人类微生物组研究的焦点。基于临床资料和文献报道,本文重点讨论开展肠道微生物组研究最重ω 要的环节,即样本采集。


                1. 样本筛选

                1.1 基本信息

                (1)年龄:在18到65岁

                (2)饮食:1周内未食用酸奶

                (3)人群:该地区常住人口

                (4)非孕妇,哺乳期妇女

                1.2 药物

                两个月内无抗生素,益生菌、益生元、合生元,铋碱式水杨酸盐药物的使用;无药物及酒精滥用

                1.3 疾病

                (1)胃肠道疾病:无炎症性肠病(IBD),肠易激综合症(IBS),胃肠炎、结肠炎或胃炎,胃肠道出血、溃疡,胃肠道息肉或包块或发育不良,其他原因的慢性或持续性便秘或者腹泻

                (2)慢性及代谢性疾病:无高血压,糖尿病,心血管疾病,糖尿病,肥胖,肝硬化,脂肪肝,癌症

                (3)感染:无急慢性细菌、真菌、病毒感染

                (4)手术:无较大的胃肠道手术

                【参考:1,11-14】


                2. 材料准备

                表1:耗材和仪器列表


                产品

                公司

                货号

                价格

                便盆

                Fisherbrand? Commode Specimen Collection System

                Thermo

                02-544-208

                $216.09 / Case of 60


                采集管

                Faeces container 76x20mmlabel, sterile

                Sarstedt

                80.734.311

                4.4 / Case of 1

                分装管

                Glass Bead Tubes, 0.1mm

                QIAGEN

                13118-50

                $145 / Case of 50

                试剂盒

                DNeasy PowerLyzer PowerSoil Kit


                QIAGEN

                12855-50

                12855-100

                $274 / Case of 50

                $514 ? / Case of 100

                匀浆器

                PowerLyzer 24 Bench Top Bead-Based Homogenizer

                QIAGEN

                13155

                $9,949

                其他

                冰,冰盒,称量仪器,分装管,自封袋,无菌牙签,-80度冰箱,一次性手◥套,干冰

                【备注】

                1. MOBIO在2017年已被QIAGEN收购

                2. 试剂盒选择参考:

                (1)大量的肠道微生物组学研究使用【参考:1-10】

                (2)HMP,EMP protocol引用


                3. 采集方法

                3.1 标记

                医生标记病人信息(姓名,编号,采样时间等)

                3.2 准备

                病人取便盆,粪便采集管,一次性手套,自封袋

                3.3 粪便采集

                (1)嘱咐病人先排尽尿,再用干净的便盆收集粪便,如:

                【注意】避免尿液,厕所里的其╳他液体,纸等污染样本

                (2)用粪便收集器的刮勺,取粪便内部葡萄或核桃大小(>2.5g)的粪便到收集器,如:

                (3)拧上盖子,丢弃并冲走粪便,丢掉塑料袋,手套,洗手,尽快把样本交给医生

                【注意】尽量减少粪便暴露在空气的时间(减少外界微生物污染,样本细菌扩增和DNA降解造成检测结果不准);采样▂过程在15分钟之内完成

                3.4 分装

                (1)用无菌牙签挑取内部粪便到分々装管,6-10管,每管0.25g

                (2)完成后立即放到-80度保存

                【注意】整个分装过程在冰上完成;整个采样,分装过程在30分钟之内完成

                3.5 保存和转移

                -80度保存,转移用干冰


                4. DNA提取

                4.1 DNA提取

                (1)向含样本的Glass Bead Tubes加Bead Solution,用涡旋仪或匀浆器均质化样本

                (2)根据试剂盒说明书提取DNA

                4.3 核酸定量及保存

                (1)DNA浓度测定(A260/A280:1.8-2.0),凝胶电泳鉴定

                (2)20/-80度保存


                参考文献:

                [HMP] Product Information and Hyperlink Updates for the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Manual of Procedures (MOP) 19 July 2012

                [HMP] Manual of Procedures for Human Microbiome Project Core Microbiome Sampling Protocol A HMP Protocol # 07-001 Version Number: 12.0 29 Jul 2010

                [EMP] DNA Extraction Protocol (EMP, 2011); http://www.earthmicrobiome.org/empstandard-protocols/dna-extraction-protocol/

                [1] Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host’s metabolism. Molecular Psychiatry (2016)

                [2] Synthetic long-read sequencing reveals intraspecies diversity in the human microbiome. Nat Biotechnol. 2016

                [3] Capturing One of the Human Gut Microbiome's Most Wanted: Reconstructing the Genome of a Novel Butyrate-Producing, Clostridial Scavenger from Metagenomic Sequence Data. Front Microbiol. 2016

                [5] Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome (2017)

                [6] Structure and function of the healthy pre-adolescent pediatric gut microbiome. Microbiome. 2015

                [7] Influence of early life exposure, host genetics and diet on the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome. NATURE MICROBIOLOGY 2016

                [8] Dynamics of the human gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Microbiol. 2017

                [9] Genetic and environmental control of host-gut microbiota interactions. Genome Research 2015

                [10] The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Hepatology. 2016

                [11] Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature, 2014

                [12] Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug. Nat Med, 2017.

                [13] The Human Microbiome Project strategy for comprehensive sampling of the human microbiome and why it matters. The FASEB Journal ? Research Communication 2012

                [14] Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun, 2015











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